When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below.
Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol.
The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that ….Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020).Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator. The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. If you’re citing a specific part of a source, you should also include a locator such as a page number or timestamp. You include them every time you quote or paraphrase someone else’s ideas or words to avoid plagiarism.Īn APA in-text citation consists of the author’s last name and the year of publication (also known as the author-date system). Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.In-text citations are brief references in the running text that direct readers to the reference entry at the end of the paper. Resources on writing an APA style reference list, including citation formatsīasic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper How to refer to authors in-text, including single and multiple authors, unknown authors, organizations, etc. General guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay Resources on using in-text citations in APA style Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)Ĭopyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University.Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students.
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